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定語從句總結內容

定語從句總結內容

  定語從句總結內容

  定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後,由關係詞(關係代詞或關係副詞)引出。

  關係代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

  關係副詞有:when, where, why等。

  關係代詞引導的定語從句

  關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。

  1)who, whom, that

  這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

  2)Whose

  用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換),例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover isgreen. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

  3)which, that

  它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:

  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)

  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)

  關係副詞引導的定語從句

  關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。

  1)when, where, why

  關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用,例如:

  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。

  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

  2)that代替關係副詞

  that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如:

  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。

  一、疑問句中考查定語從句

  1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week?

  A. where B. the one C. on which D. /

  【解析】答案是D。命題人經常利用疑問句的特殊結構來干擾學生的正確選擇。遇到這類定語從句時,最好的辦法是先把疑問句還原成陳述句,然後判斷誰是先行詞,再看關係詞在定語從句中所充當的成分,最後確定正確答案。

  二、倒裝句中考查定語從句

  2. We came to a place, ________ stood a big tower.

  A. which B. that C. / D. where

  【解析】正確答案是D。為了保持句子平衡,句子用了倒裝語序。倒裝的使用使定語從句的結構變得較為特殊,因此對於使用倒裝語序的定語從句,應先把倒裝語序還原成正常語序,這樣句子結構就比較清晰了。

  三、 拆分片語和固定搭配

  3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.

  A. of which B. where C. to do D. that

  4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?

  A. which B. on which C. when D. where

  【解析】正確答案分別是D和A。一些片語和搭配被拆開後,句子的含義就變得難以理解。首先把拆開的片語復原是理解此類定語從句的.關鍵。上述句子中包含以下片語:make use of, play a part (in)。

  四、新增插入語或狀語

  5. The scientist has made another discovery, _______ I believe is ofgreat importance.

  A. that B. / C. which D. why

  【解析】應選擇C。這類句子主要利用插入語或狀語的新增來增加試題的難度。常見的插入語有:I think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做這類題目時,最佳的辦法是先刪去插入語或狀語,這樣句子的主幹部分就一目瞭然了。

  五、插入非謂語動詞

  6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________

  the radio for me?

  A. who;repaired B. that;repaired

  C. whom;repairing D. that;repair

  【解析】D項正確。非謂語動詞是英語中難度較大的語法專案之一,因而在定語從句中加入非謂語動詞就成了學生最易失分的題目。對付這類題目最有效的辦法就是將句子還原。如:我們可以把幾個句子中的定語從句進行還原,還原後的句子應是:You want to have the man repair the radio for me.

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