歡度2016年元宵手抄報資料
元宵節吃元宵
不管南方北方，正月十五這一天都要閤家團聚吃元宵。“元宵”這種食品名稱，據說出現於宋末元初，是因為人們習慣在上元節之夜吃它的緣故。上元之夜是新年中第一個十五月圓之夜，“一年明月打頭圓”,天上一輪圓月朗照，人間則聚食形如滿月的元宵，與自然天象有極微妙的對應關係。“星月當空萬燭燒，人間天上兩元宵”,表達了人們全家團圓幸福的心情。
說起湯圓，近代史上還有一個掌故。話說袁世凱稱帝遭到舉國反對，手下逢迎者引《巴陵縣誌》說“圓、元語同，又有完了義”,說“元宵”諧音“袁消”,乃詛咒之詞。袁聽信其言下令“元宵”一律改叫湯圓。但這個傳說一直未見文字依據。袁世凱垮臺後，大部分地區又恢復了“元宵”的名稱。
元宵節賞燈
元宵節也稱燈節，元宵燃燈的風俗起自漢朝，到了唐代，賞燈活動更加興盛，皇宮裡、街道上處處掛燈，還要建立高大的燈輪、燈樓和燈樹，唐朝大詩人盧照鄰曾在《十五夜觀燈》中這樣描述元宵節燃燈的盛況“接漢疑星落，依樓似月懸。”
漢明帝永平年間(公元58--75),因明帝提倡佛法，適逢蔡從印度求得佛法歸來，稱印度摩喝陀國每逢正月十五，僧眾雲集瞻仰佛舍利，是參佛的吉日良辰。漢明帝為了弘揚佛法，下令正月十五夜在宮中和寺院“燃燈表佛”.此後，元宵放燈的習俗就由原來只在宮廷中舉行而流傳到民間。即每到正月十五，無論士族還是庶民都要掛燈，城鄉通宵燈火輝煌。
宋代更重視元宵節，賞燈活動更加熱鬧，賞燈活動要進行5天，燈的樣式也更豐富。明代要連續賞燈10天，這是中國最長的燈節了。清代賞燈活動雖然只有3天，但是賞燈活動規模很大，盛況空前，除燃燈之外，還放煙花助興。
“猜燈謎”又叫“打燈謎”,是元宵節後增的`一項活動，出現在宋朝。南宋時，首都臨安每逢元宵節時制迷，猜謎的人眾多。開始時是好事者把謎語寫在紙條上，貼在五光十色的彩燈上供人猜。因為謎語能啟迪智慧又饒有興趣，所以流傳過程中深受社會各階層的歡迎。
隨著時間的推移，元宵節的活動越來越多，不少地方節慶時增加了耍龍燈、耍獅子、踩高蹺、劃旱船扭秧歌、打太平鼓等傳統民俗表演。北方地區群眾偏愛舞獅，南方地區群眾則擅長舞龍。這個傳承已有兩千多年的傳統節日，不僅盛行於海峽兩岸，就是在海外華人的聚居區也年年歡慶不衰。
元宵節手抄報英文資料
The 15th day of the 1st lunar month is the Chinese Lantern Festival because the first lunar month is called yuan-month and in the ancient times people called night Xiao. The 15th day is the first night to see a full moon. So the day is also called Yuan Xiao Festival in China.
According to the Chinese tradition, at the very beginning of a new year, when there is a bright full moon hanging in the sky, there should be thousands of colorful lanterns hung out for people to appreciate. At this time, people will try to solve the puzzles on the lanterns and eat yuanxiao (glutinous rice ball) and get all their families united in the joyful atmosphere.
元宵節正月十五吃元宵的的習俗由來已久，元宵也叫“湯圓”、“圓子”。據說元宵象徵閤家團圓，吃元宵意味新的一年閤家幸福、萬事如意。
元宵節鬧花燈的習俗起源於道教的“三元說”;正月十五日為上元節，七月十五日為中元節，十月十五日為下元節。主管上、中、下三元的分別為天、地、人三官，天官喜樂，故上元節要燃燈。元宵節的節期與節俗活動，是隨歷史的發展而延長、擴充套件的。就節期長短而言，漢代才一天，到唐代已為三天，宋代則長達五天，明代更是自初八點燈，一直到正月十七的夜裡才落燈，整整十天。與春節相接，白晝為市，熱鬧非凡，夜間燃燈，蔚為壯觀。特別是那精巧、多彩的燈火，更使其成為春節期間娛樂活動的高潮。至清代，又增加了舞龍、舞獅、跑旱船、踩高蹺、扭秧歌等“百戲”內容，只是節期縮短為四到五天。
History
Until the Sui Dynasty in the sixth century, Emperor Yangdi invited envoys from other countries to China to see the colorful lighted lanterns and enjoy the gala(節日的，慶祝的)performances.
By the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century, the lantern displays would last three days. The emperor also lifted the curfew(宵禁令), allowing the people to enjoy the festive lanterns day and night. It is not difficult to find Chinese poems which describe this happy scene.
In the Song Dynasty, the festival was celebrated for five days and the activities began to spread to many of the big cities in China. Colorful glass and even jade were used to make lanterns, with figures from folk tales painted on the lanterns.
However, the largest Lantern Festival celebration took place in the early part of the 15th century. The festivities continued for ten days. Emperor Chengzu had the downtown area set aside as a center for displaying the lanterns. Even today, there is a place in Beijing called Dengshikou. In Chinese, Deng means lantern and Shi is market. The area became a market where lanterns were sold during the day. In the evening, the local people would go there to see the beautiful lighted lanterns on display.
Today, the displaying of lanterns is still a big event on the 15th day of the first lunar month throughout China. People enjoy the brightly lit night. Chengdu in Southwest China's Sichuan Province, for example, holds a lantern fair each year in the Cultural Park. During the Lantern Festival, the park is literally an ocean of lanterns! Many new designs attract countless visitors. The most eye-catching lantern is the Dragon Pole. This is a lantern in the shape of a golden dragon, spiraling up a 27-meter -high pole, spewing fireworks from its mouth. It is quite an impressive sight!
元宵節是中國的傳統節日，早在2000多年前的西漢就有了，元宵賞燈始於東漢明帝時期，明帝提倡佛教，聽說佛教有正月十五日僧人觀佛舍利，點燈敬佛的做法，就命令這一天夜晚在皇宮和寺廟裡點燈敬佛，令士族庶民都掛燈。以後這種佛教禮儀節日逐漸形成民間盛大的節日。該節經歷了由宮廷到民間，由中原到全國的發展過程。
在漢文帝時，已下令將正月十五定為元宵節。漢武帝時，“太一神”的祭祀活動定在正月十五。(太一：主宰宇宙一切之神)。司馬遷建立“太初曆”時，就已將元宵節確定為重大節日。
另有一說是元宵燃燈的習俗起源於道教的“三元說”;正月十五日為上元節，七月十五日為中元節，十月十五日為下元節。主管上、中、下三元的分別為天、地、人三官，天官喜樂，故上元節要燃燈。
元宵節的節期與節俗活動，是隨歷史的發展而延長、擴充套件的。就節期長短而言，漢代才一天，到唐代已為三天，宋代則長達五天，明代更是自初八點燈，一直到正月十七的夜裡才落燈，整整十天。與春節相接，白晝為市，熱鬧非凡，夜間燃燈，蔚為壯觀。特別是那精巧、多彩的燈火，更使其成為春節期間娛樂活動的高潮。至清代，又增加了舞龍、舞獅、跑旱船、踩高蹺、扭秧歌等“百戲”內容，只是節期縮短為四到五天。
Origin
There are many different beliefs about the origin of the Lantern Festival. But one thing for sure is that it had something to do with religious worship.
One legend tells us that it was a time to worship Taiyi, the God of Heaven in ancient times. The belief was that the God of Heaven controlled the destiny of the human world. He had sixteen dragons at his beck and call and he decided when to inflict drought, storms, famine or pestilence(瘟疫)upon human beings. Beginning with Qinshihuang, the first emperor to unite the country, all subsequent emperors ordered splendid ceremonies each year. The emperor would ask Taiyi to bring favorable weather and good health to him and his people. Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty directed special attention to this event. In 104 BC, he proclaimed it one of the most important celebrations and the ceremony would last throughout the night.
Another legend associates the Lantern Festival with Taoism. Tianguan is the Taoist god responsible for good fortune. His birthday falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month. It is said that Tianguan likes all types of entertainment. So followers prepare various kinds of activities during which they pray for good fortune.
The third story about the origin of the festival is like this. Buddhism first entered China during the reign of Emperor Mingdi of the Eastern Han Dynasty. That was in the first century. However, it did not exert any great influence among the Chinese people. one day, Emperor Mingdi had a dream about a gold man in his palace. At the very moment when he was about to ask the mysterious figure who he was, the gold man suddenly rose to the sky and disappeared in the west. The next day, Emperor Mingdi sent a scholar to India on a pilgrimage(朝聖)to locate Buddhist scriptures. After journeying thousands of miles, the scholar finally returned with the scriptures. Emperor Mingdi ordered that a temple be built to house a statue of Buddha and serve as a repository for the scriptures. Followers believe that the power of Buddha can dispel darkness. So Emperor Mingdi ordered his subjects to display lighted lanterns during what was to become the Lantern Festival.
關於元宵節的來歷，民間還有幾種有趣的傳說：
關於燈的傳說
傳說在很久以前，兇禽猛獸很多，四處傷害人和牲畜，人們就組織起來去打它們，有一隻神鳥困為迷路而降落人間，卻意外的被不知情的獵人給射死了。天帝知道後十分震怒，立即傳旨，下令讓天兵於正月十五日到人間放火，把人間的人畜財產通通燒死。天帝的女兒心地善良，不忍心看百姓無辜受難，就冒著生命的危險，偷偷駕著祥雲來到人間，把這個訊息告訴了人們。眾人聽說了這個訊息，有如頭上響了一個焦雷。嚇得不知如何是好，過了好久，才有個老人家想出個法子，他說：“在正月十四、十五、十六日這三天，每戶人家都在家裡張燈結綵、點響爆竹、燃放煙火。這樣一來，天帝就會以為人們都被燒死了”。
大家聽了都點頭稱是，便分頭準備去了。到了正月十五這天晚上，天帝往下一看，發覺人間一片紅光，響聲震天，連續三個夜晚都是如此，以為是大火燃燒的火焰，以中大快。人們就這樣保住了自己的生命及財產。為了紀念這次成功，從此每到正月十五，家家戶戶都懸掛燈籠，放煙火來紀念這個日子。
Yuanxiao
Besides entertainment and beautiful lanterns, another important part of the Lantern Festival,or Yuanxiao Festival is eating small dumpling balls made of glutinous rice flour. We call these balls Yuanxiao or Tangyuan. Obviously, they get the name from the festival itself. It is said that the custom of eating Yuanxiao originated during the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the fourth centuty, then became popular during the Tang and Song periods.
The fillings inside the dumplings or Yuansiao are either sweet or salty. Sweet fillings are made of sugar, Walnuts(胡桃), sesame, osmanthus flowers(桂花), rose petals, sweetened tangerine peel, bean paste, or jujube paste(棗泥). A single ingredient or any combination can be used as the filling . The salty variety is filled with minced meat, vegetables or a mixture.
The way to make Yuanxiao also varies between northern and southern China. The usual method followed in southern provinces is to shape the dough of rice flour into balls, make a hole, the filling, then close the hole and smooth out the dumpling by rolling it between your hands. In North China, sweet or nonmeat stuffing is the usual ingredient. The fillings are pressed into hardened cores, dipped lightly in water and rolled in a flat basket containing dry glutinous rice flour. A layer of the flour sticks to the filling, which is then again dipped in water and rolled a second time in the rice flour. And so it goes, like rolling a snowball, until the dumpling is the desired size.
The custom of eating Yuanxiao dumplings remains. This tradition encourages both old and new stores to promote their Yuanxiao products. They all try their best to improve the taste and quality of the dumplings to attract more customers.
漢文帝時為紀念“平呂”而設
另一個傳說是元宵節是漢文帝時為紀念“平呂”而設。漢高祖劉邦死後，呂后之子劉盈登基為漢惠帝。惠帝生性懦弱，優柔寡斷，大權漸漸落再呂后手中。漢惠帝病死後呂后獨攬朝政把劉氏天下變成了呂氏天下，朝中老臣，劉氏宗室深感憤慨，但都懼怕呂后殘暴而敢怒不敢言。
呂后病死後，諸呂惶惶不安害怕遭到傷害和排擠。於是，在上將軍呂祿家中秘密集合，共謀作亂之事，以便徹底奪取劉氏江山。
此事傳至劉氏宗室齊王劉囊耳中，劉囊為保劉氏江山，決定起兵討伐諸呂隨後與開國老臣周勃，陳平取得聯絡，設計解除了呂祿，“諸呂之亂”終於被徹底平定。
平亂之後，眾臣擁立劉邦的第二個兒子劉恆登基，稱漢文帝。文帝深感太平盛世來之不易，便把平息“諸呂之亂”的正月十五，定為與民同樂日，京城裡家家張燈結綵，以示慶祝。從此，正月十五便成了一個普天同慶的民間節日“鬧元宵”。
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